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Administrators occasionally need unambiguous datestamps and timestamps usable in file and folder names, but how to create them isn’t immediately obvious. VBScript’s date-manipulation tools generate dates and times that are formatted according to locale and that usually include characters that you can’t use in filenames.
The ISO 8601 standard is a good choice for a date- and timestamp format—I’ll explain why and then show you how to generate ISO 8601 stamps easily, even on pre–Windows XP systems that don’t provide some convenient stamping tools.
The ISO 8601 Format
If you want to insert a date or time into a log
file, you can use almost any format you
want. However, you have more restrictions
if you want to use a date- or timestamp as
a name or part of a name for a file; the ubiquitous forward slash and colon are both
reserved characters, and removing them
can make a date or time that doesn’t include
leading zeroes ambiguous.
The simplest solution I’ve found that generally works is to represent dates and times in the widely adopted ISO 8601 standard’s basic format for displaying calendar dates.
The ISO 8601 standard provides guidance for representing dates and times in an unambiguous form. The basic format is all-numeric; there is also an extended format in which elements are separated with delimiting characters.
A datestamp in the basic format is eight numeric digits in the pattern yyyymmdd, where yyyy is the four-digit year, mm is the two-digit month, and dd is the two-digit day of the month. You must pad any month or day that has only one digit with a leading 0. In this scheme, February 1, 2005 is 20050201.
A timestamp that uses the ISO 8601 basic format is six digits in the form hhmmss, where hh is the two-digit hour of the day in 24-hour format, mm is the two-digit minute, and ss is the two-digit second. Using this format, 9:05 A.M. is 090500; 9:05 P.M. is 210500.
Why this particular format? The most crucial issue is that we settle on some format. We can’t generally use raw numeric dates and expect them to be useful. Suppose we just chop punctuation out of a date string to get a stamp such as 1122005. In the United States, that might refer to either January 12, 2005 or November 2, 2005.
If you’re in a multinational organization, things are even more confusing. Most of the world uses day/month/year ordering; thus, 1122005 could also refer to December 1, 2005 or February 11, 2005. Even with the missing leading 0 in place in this stamp, this format is ambiguous in multinational organizations because 01122005 could still refer to either January 12 or December 1.
The ISO 8601 basic format, in contrast, has a variety of simple advantages that add up:
- The format is friendly with most file systems. All the characters are allowed in file and folder names and don’t need to be escaped. If you’re using stamps as the complete folder names or file base names, there’s no risk of them being truncated if the files are copied to a volume that supports only 8.3 filenames.
- The meaning of the format is difficult to misinterpret. This is one of the important features of the ISO 8601 standard. Dates are generally very ambiguous because some regions use month first and others use day first for common display. However, the first four characters of an ISO 8601 date string are always clearly the year portion of a date, and every format that begins with the year uses month/day order following it. Technically oriented people often find the format instinctive because the year/month/day order is similar to the greater-to-lesser order used in numbers.
- If you sort ISO 8601 date- or timestamps alphabetically, they’re also sorted chronologically. For example, you might use the stamps 20060501 and 20061130 as names for folders. Regardless of when the folders were created or modified last, if you sort the folder names alphabetically, they’ll be ordered by the date reference in the stamp.
- The individual date and time elements are short enough to be apparent even without punctuation.
- The format might be familiar even to those who don’t know about ISO 8601. Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) uses a similar datestamp format that’s based on ISO 8601. The standard is also widely accepted and used informally, even by people who have no clue that it’s a standard.
If we want to use this ISO 8601 format, the next question is: How do we actually generate a stamp that complies with it?
Using WMI
Generating an ISO 8601 date- or
timestamp is easy on XP and later
Windows versions. WMI’s SWbemDateTime class wraps up a bunch of
functionality for easily translating
dates and times between what Microsoft calls an OLE DateTime or VarDate—the kind of date and time
object that VBScript uses—and other
significant forms, including WMI’s
own time string format. Bobby Malik
previously discussed some aspects of
this class in “WMI Time Bewilderment” (September 2002, InstantDoc
ID 26030). I’ll show you how to do
one simple thing: put in a VBScript
date and get back a WMI date/time
string.
Listing 1 shows the code for this task. Note that at callout A in Listing 1, the first line of code, which would normally generate a script date and time, is commented out. For testing purposes, the second line of code supplies a VBScript date corresponding to 3:26:58 P.M. on August 18, 2005.
SWbemDateTime doesn’t have a date or time when you set it up; its role is really just that of a translator between different time formats. To initialize it, the code at callout B in Listing 1 passes it the referenceTime value by using the SetVarDate method. Then the code can get the date and time back as a WMI date/time string by reading the value named Value in this class.
On my system, the echo statement in callout B shows this:
20050818152658.000000-300
On your particular system, the last four characters might be different because they correspond to the number of minutes offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), but everything before that should be identical.
The beauty of using SWbemDateTime is that we get our stamps by just cutting the string contained in Value into pieces. As shown at callout C in Listing 1, we get a datestamp by extracting the first eight characters of the string and a timestamp by extracting the six-character sequence that starts with the ninth character in the string.
Unfortunately, for the substantial portion of working PCs that have a pre-XP OS, this technique won’t work. We can get everything we need by using pure VBScript, though; it just takes a little bit of work.
Using Pure VBScript
As you may have noticed at callout A in Listing 1, VBScript is comfortable with dates and times expressed as numbers. VBScript contains native functions that can extract any component of a date/time value as a number—these are the appropriately named Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, and Second functions. Because these functions are present in all versions of VBScript no matter what the OS version, you can use them to help create a date- or timestamp in any version of Windows.
The VBScript date and time functions are not a solution by themselves, but if we look at the ISO 8601 standard, it becomes clear that we just need to do some formatting to get a stamp. Each element of the stamp must be a specific number of characters long: The year is four characters, and every other date and time element must be two characters long. If an element is fewer than the necessary number of characters, we add 0s to the left of it until it’s the correct length.
Listing 2 shows the entire process. Although several lines of code are required, the lines are simple and repetitive.
The code assumes that the year portion of the string is four characters long. VBScript always returns a complete year, not an abbreviated, two-digit year, so the only VBScript-generated date range the code won’t produce an accurate date/time stamp for is the interval from A.D. 100 through A.D. 999. Arguably, the code could be “fixed” to handle this range, but you likely won’t encounter dates in this range in your day-to-day work.
Callout A in Listing 2 shows how we get the other two date elements in proper form. Each element will always be a number represented with one or two characters. If it’s only one character, we preface it with a 0.
Once we have the elements padded, we just join them together, as shown at callout B in Listing 2. The WScript.Echo statements will then display the following output:
datestamp: 20050815 timestamp: 155658
Although this code works, rewriting it every time you need a date- or timestamp isn’t so much fun. The best way to simplify generating date- and timestamps is to wrap the code up in functions that you can drop into your own scripts. Listing 3 shows the code in Listing 2 reworked as two drop-in functions, ToDateStamp and ToTimeStamp. Both functions generate strings from a VBScript date because this is the most flexible way to handle stamps. Most code that needs to generate a stamp bases it on the current date and/or time, and you can use VBScript’s Now function to get a complete date and time usable in both functions.
Dating Advice
Generally, you should avoid the VBScript functions Date and Time. Although they generate a valid current date and time respectively, the Date function doesn’t retain time information, so if you pass a date generated from Date to the ToTimeStamp function, it will always return the string “000000”. VBScript’s Time function returns only the current time of day with the actual date chopped out, so although it technically still contains date data, using it with ToDateString will always return the string “18991230”. This peculiar result is because VBScript’s dates are actually a count of days from December 30, 1899.
