DHCP User Class and Vendor Class Options
Windows 2000's (Win2K's) DHCP provides support for a host of new features. This week, I focus on the support for user-specified and vendor-specified DHCP options—features that let administrators assign separate options to clients with similar configuration requirements. For example, if DHCP-aware clients in your human resources (HR) department require a different default gateway or DNS server than the rest of your clients, you can configure DHCP Class IDs to distribute these options to HR clients. The options that Class IDs provide override any scope or global default options that the DHCP server typically assigns.
Option Classes
Windows 2000 Server (Win2K Server) offers two option class types: User Class and Vendor Class. User Classes assign DHCP options to a group of clients that require similar configuration; Vendor Classes typically assign vendor-specific options to clients that share a common vendor type. For example, with Vendor Classes you can assign all Dell computers DHCP options that are common to those machines. The purpose of option classes is to group DHCP options for similar clients within a DHCP scope.
Setting Up a User Class Option
User Class options come in handy when you want to assign special DHCP options to a group of clients. For example, you might decide that roaming salesmen who use laptops should have a short lease period for DHCP options. Or you might decide to assign short leases to managers when they dial in with laptops and longer leases to the same managers when they work in their offices on desktop computers.
Let's say you want to configure a User Class called HR for all HR clients. Configuring a User Class involves adding a user class at the DHCP server and setting a DHCP user class ID at the client. To add a User Class HR on the DHCP server, highlight the DHCP server in the DHCP console and select Define User Classes on the Action menu, as Screen 1 shows. Click Add, and type HR in the Display name box, as Screen 2 shows. Here's where it gets tricky. You need to add the Class ID next. Position your cursor directly under the word ASCII (if you click under the word ID, this procedure won’t work). Click in the white box under the word ASCII, and type HR. You'll see the numbers 48 and 52 appear automatically under ID. Click OK, then click Close. Next, right-click Scope Options in the DHCP console and select Configure Options. Click the Advanced tab. The drop-down box next to the User Class will show the User Class HR that you just added. Select HR and configure the options for the HR group under Available Options. Click OK, and you’re finished with the server portion of the configuration.
Next, you need to set the HR class ID on the client (this requires administrative privileges). Log on to the workstation as a local administrator. Go to the command prompt and type
ipconfig /setclassidHR
where
C:\> ipconfig /setclassid 3COM HR
Windows 2000 IP Configuration
DHCP ClassId successfully modified for adapter "3COM"
Now if you type ipconfig, you should see HR listed under the DHCP Class ID. You might have to release and renew your IP address to obtain the updated DHCP options for the HR User Class. To delete the Class ID on the client, simply type ipconfig /setclassid
Setting Up a Vendor Class Option
The steps for creating a Vendor Class on the DHCP server are identical to creating a User Class, except that you choose Define Vendor Class from the Action menu to add a new class. Microsoft supports Vendor Class options for Win2K and Windows 98 clients. Request for Comments (RFC) 1700 defines the vendor types and lists the reserved hardware and OS type abbreviations. Some vendors can choose to define their vendor IDs for their computers. For example, Compaq can give its clients certain options that are specific to Compaq’s hardware. You'll notice that the only predefined vendor classes on your DHCP server are Microsoft's. For other vendors, you have to manually add the options to make them available to the clients. For more information about Vendor Classes, check out RFCs 2131 and 2132.
Differences Between User Classes and Vendor Classes
Several differences exist between User Classes and Vendor Classes. User Classes are part of proposed Internet drafts; Vendor Classes are part of accepted Internet drafts. You can set and view User Class information with the ipconfig command, as I discussed earlier; DHCP client vendors, such as Microsoft, configure Vendor Class IDs. You use User Classes mainly for administrative purposes, such as providing the same domain name to a group of clients; Vendor Classes typically serve to enhance DHCP functionalities that are specific to a vendor.
With Win2K's new option classes, you can better manage client configurations. You now have more control over specific clients within a particular scope, and vendors can offer enhanced functionalities to their own clients.
